VST’s precision filters deliver consistent extraction performance over a wide range of concentration with reduced sediment. Designed to extract properly as a ristretto, normale or lungo with minimal or no change in grind setting at a fixed dose. Filters are matched for total square area to +/- 5% to ensure identical performance (typical variances of standard filters range from 50-200% of nominal open square area). Holes are fabricated using a micro-machine and finishing process 100% of holes are measured on every filter for min/max range limits on area and diameter to a precision of +/- 20 µm (individual QC report provided with every filter). All holes are measured for circularity, placement, square area and blocked holes. Hole pattern is centred to +/- 1.0 mm and placement is oriented for uniform extraction throughout the entire puck. Wide outlet angle to prevent filters from clogging, anti-wear design ensures uniform performance for life of product. Improved structural integrity, will withstand deflection from pump cycling without premature fatigue failures.